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last update: 15 December 2023

 

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Lackey J.B. (1936) Some fresh water protozoa with blue chromatophores. - Biol. Bull. 71: 492-497.

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LaJeunesse T.C. & R.K. Trench (2000) Biogeography of two species of Symbiodinium (Freudenthal) inhabiting the intertidal sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt). - Biologcal Bulletin 199(2): 126-134.
LaJeunesse T.C. (2001) Investigating the biodiversity, ecology and phylogeny of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium using the IST region: in search of a „species“ level marker. - Journal of Phycology 37(5): 866-880.
LaJeunesse T.C. & D.J. Thornhill (2011) Improved resolution of reef-coral endosymbiont (Symbiodinium) species diversity, ecology, and evolution through psbA non-coding region genotyping. - PLoS ONE 6(2): e29013.
LaJeunesse T.C., J.E. Parkinson & J.D. Reimer (2012) A genetic based description of Symbiodinium minutum sp. nov. and S. psygmophilum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), two dinoflagellates symbiotic with cnidaria. - Journal of Phycology 48(6): 1380-1391.
LaJeunesse T.C., D.C. Wham, D.T. Pettay, J.E. Parkinson, S. Keshavmurthy & C.A. Chen (2014) Ecologically differentiated stress-tolerant endosymbionts in the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) Clade D are different species. - Phycologia 53(4): 305-319.
LaJeunesse T.C., S.Y. Lee, D.L. Gil-Agudelo, N. Knowlton & H.J. Jeong (2015) Symbiodinium necroappetens sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): an opportunist 'zooxanthella' found in bleached and diseased tissues of Caribbean reef corals. - European Journal of Phycology 50: 223-238. 

LaJeunesse T.C. (2017) Validation and description of Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the type species of Symbiodinium (Dinophyta). - Journal of Phycology 53: 1109-1114.
LaJeunesse T.C., J. Wiedemann, P. Casado-Amezúa, I. D'Ambra, K.E. Turnham, M.R. Nitschke, C.A. Oakley, S. Goffredo, C.A. Spano, V.M. Cubillos, S.K. Davy & D.J. Suggett (2022) Revival of Philozoon Geddes for host-specialized dinoflagellates, 'zooxanthellae', in animals from coastal temperate zones of northern and southern hemispheres. - European Journal of Phycology 57(2): 166-180.

Lakkis S. & V.N. Lakkis (1980) Composition, annual cycle and species diversity of the phytoplankton in Lebanese coastal waters. – Journal of Plankton Research 3: 123-136.

Lam C.M.C., D.C. New & J.T.Y. Wong (2001) cAMP in the cell cycle of the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii (Dinophyta). - Journal of Pohycology 37(1): 79-85.
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Lamarck J.B. de (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. II. Verdière, Paris, 568 pp.

Landsberg J.H. (2002) The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms. – Reviews in Fisheries Science 10(2): 113-390.
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Landsberg H.J., K.A. Steidinger & B.A. Blakesley (1995) Fish-killing dinoflagellates in a tropical marine aquarium. - In: Lassus et al. 1995 (eds) Harmful marine algal blooms, Lavoisier, Paris pp. 65-70.

Langhans V.H. (1925) Gemischte Populationen von Ceratium hirundinella (O.F. Müller) Schrank und ihre Deutung. -  Archiv für Protistenkunde 52: 585-602.

Larsen J. (1985) Algal Studies of the Danish Waddensea II. A taxonomic study of psammobious dinoflagellates. - Opera Botanica 79: 14-37.
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Larsen J. (1996) Unarmoured dinoflagellates from Australian waters II. The genus Gyrodinium (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae). - Phycologia 35(41): 342-349.  
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Larsen J. & Ø. Moestrup (1992) Potentially toxic Phytoplankton 2. Genus Dinophysis (Dinophyceae). ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton 10: 1-12.
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Larsen J. & D.J. Patterson (1990) Some flagellates (Protista) from tropical marine sediments. - J. Nat. History 24: 801-937.

 

Larsson M.E., T.D. Harwood, R.J. Lewis, SW.A. Himaya & M.A. Doblin (2019) Toxicological characterization of Fukuyoa paulensis (Dinophyceae) from temperate Australia. - Phycological Research 67: 65-71.

Larsson M.E., K.F. Smith & M.A. Doblin (2019) First description of the environmental niche of the epibenthic dinoflagellate species Coolia palmyrensis, C. malayensis, and C. tropicalis (Dinophyceae) from Eastern Australia. - Journal of Phycology 55(3): 565-577.

Lassus P. & C. Marcaillou-Baut (1995) Dinophysis acuminata (Dinophyceae), une espèce a géométrie variable sur les côtes francaises. - Cryptogamie, Algologie 16(3): 167-172.

Latz M.I., M.R. Bowlby & J.F. Case (1991) Bioluminescence of the solitaryy spumellarian radiolarian, Thalassicolla nucleata (Huxley). – Journal of Plankton Research 13: 1187-1201.

Laurion I. & S. Roy (2009) Growth and photoprotection in three dinoflagellates (including two strains of Alexandrium tamarense) and one diatom exposed to four weeks of natural and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. - Journal of Phycology 45(1): 16-33.

Lauterborn R. (1894) Über die Winterfauna einiger Gewässer der Oberrheinebene. Mit Beschreibung neuer Protozoen. - Biologisches Centralblatt 14: 390-398.
Lauterborn R. (1896) Diagnose neuer Protozoen aus dem Gebiete des Oberrheins. -Zoologischer Anzeiger 19(493-520): 14-18.
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Lawler A.R. (1967) Oodinium cyprinidontum n. sp., a parasitic dinoflagellate on gills of Cyprinodontidae`of Virginia. - Chesapeake Sci. 8: 67-68.
Lawler A.R. (1980) Studies on Amyloodinium ocellatum (Dinoflagellata) in Mississippi Sound: Natural and experimental hosts. - Gulf Res. Rep. 6: 403-413.

Lawrence S.A., W.H. Wilson, J.E. Davy & S.K. Davy (2014) Latent virus-like infections are present in a diverse range of Symbiodinium spp. (Dinophyta). - Journal of Phycology 50(6): 984-997.

Laza-Martinez A., E. Orive & I. Miguel (2011) Morphological and genetic characterization of benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Coolia, Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum from the south-eastern Bay of Biscay. - European Journal of Phycology 46: 45-65.
Laza-Martinez A., H. David, P. Riobó I. Miguel & E. Orive (2016) Characterization of a strain of Fukuyoa paulensis (Dinophyceae) from the western Mediterranean Sea. - The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 63: 481-497. 

Leadbeater B. & J.D. Dodge (1966) The fine structure of Woloszynskia micra sp.nov., a new marine dinoflagellate. - British phycological Bulletin 3(1): 1-17.

Leaw C.P., P.T. Lim, B.K. Ng, M.Y. Chea, A. Ahmad & G. Usup (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of Alexandrium species and Pyrodinium bahamense (Dinophyceae) based on theca morphology and nuclear ribosomal gene sequence. – Phycologia 44(5): 550-565.
Leaw C.P., P.T. Lim, K.W. Cheng, B.K. Ng & G. Usup (2010) Morphology and molecular characterization of a new species of thecate benthic dinoglagellate, Coolia malayensis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). - Journal of Phycology 46: 162-171.
Leaw C.P., P.T. Lim,T.H. Tan, T.N. Tuan-Halim, K.W. Cheng, B.K. Ng & G. Usup (2011) First report of the benthic dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus belizeanus (Gonyaulacales: Dinophyceae) for the east coast of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. - Phycol. Res. 59(3): 143-146.

Leblond J.D. & P.J. Chapman (2000) Lipid class distribution of highly unsaturated long chain fatty acids in marine dinoflagellates. – Journal of Phycology 36(6): 1103-1108.
Leblond J.D. & P.J. Chapman (2001) An unusual polyunsaturated C-27 hydrocarbon from the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula. - Journal of Phycology 37(3) Suppl.: 29 (abstract only).
Leblond J.D. & P.J. Chapman (2002) Fatty acid and sterol composition of a Karenia brevis bloom in the Gulf of Mexico. – Journal of Phycology 38(1): 21.
Leblond J.D. & P.J. Chapman (2002) A survey of the sterol composition of the marine dinoflagellates Karenia brevis, Karenia mikimotoi, and Karlodinium micrum: distribution of sterols within other members of the class Dinophyceae. – Journal of Phycology 38(4): 670-682.
Leblond J.D. & J.L. Dahmen (2012) Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycol composition of dinoflagellates. V. The galactolipid profile of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) during the course of infection by the parasitic syndinian dinoflagellate Amoebophrya sp. - European Journal of Phycology 47(4): 490-497. 
Leblond J.D., J.L. Dahmen &T.J. Evens (2010) Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol composition of dinoflagellates. IV. Temperature-induced modulation of fatty acid regiochemistry as observed by electrospray ionization / mass spectrometry. - European Journal of Phycology 45(1) 13-18.
Leblond J.D., J. Dodson & J.L. Dahmen (2013) Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol composition of dinoflagellates. VII. Evidence against galactolipid production and plastid presence in the heterotrophic, basal dinoflagellate, Oxyrrhis marina. - European Journal of Phycology 48(3): 309-317. 
Leblond J.D., T.J. Evens & P.J. Chapman (2003) The biochemistry of dinoflagellate lipids, with particular reference to fatty acid and sterol composition of a Karenia brevis bloom. – Phycologica 42(4): 324-331.
Leblond J.D. & A.D. Lasiter (2009) Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol composition of dinoflagellates. II. Lepidodinium chlorophorum, Karenia brevis, and Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, three dinoflagellates with aberrant plastids. - European Journal of Phycology 44(2): 199-205.
Leblond J.D. & A.D. Lasiter (2012) Sterols of the green-pigmented, aberrant plastid dinoflagellate, Lepidodinium chlorophorum (Dinophyceae). - Protist 163: 38-46.
Leblond J.D., M.R. Sengco, J.O. Sickman, J.L. Dahmen & D.M. Anderson (2006) Sterols of the syndinian dinoflagellate Amoebophrya sp., a parasite of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae). – The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 53(3): 211-216.

Leblond J.D., K. Sabir & H.L. Whittemore (2023) Sterol composition of the peridinin-containing dinoflagellate Gertia stigmatica, a member of the Kareniaceae without a canonical haptophyte-derived plastid. - Protist 174: 125939.

Leblond J.D., L.C. Elkins, J.E. Graeff & K. Sabir (2023) Galactolipids of the genus Amphidinium (Dinophyceae): an hypothesis that they are basal to those of other peridinin-containing dinoflagellates. - European Journal of Phycology 58(2): 190-198.

Lebour M.V. (1917) The Peridiniales of Plymouth Sound from the region beyond the Breakwater. - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 11: 183-200.
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Lee F.W.-F., K.C. Ho & S.C.-L. Lo (2008) Rapid identification of dinoflagellates using protein profiling with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. - Harmful Algae 7(4): 551-559.
Lee M.J., Y.D. Yoo, B. Palenik, G.G. Lee, W. Yih & H.J. Jeong (2021) Vitamin B12 auxotrophy of the red tide dinoflagellate Heterocapsa rotundata and the effect of feeding Synechococcus and vitamin B12 availability upon phagotrophic activity. - Phycologia 60(4): 354-361.
Lee R.E. (1977) Saprophytic and phagocytic isolates of the colorless heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium lebouriae Herdman. - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 57: 303-315.
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Lee S.Y., H.J. Jeong, N.S. Kang, T.Y. Jang, S.H. Jang & T.C. LaJeunesse (2015) Symbiodinium tridacnidorum sp. nov., a dinoflagellate common in Indo-Pacific giant clams, and a revised morphological description of Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal, emended Trench & Blank. - European Journal of Phycology 50: 155-172.

Lee S.Y., H.J. Jeong, S.J. Kim, K.H. Lee & S.H. Jang (2019) Scrippsiella masanensis sp. nov. (Thoracosphaerales, Dinophyceae), a photosynthetic dinoflagellate from the coastal waters of southern Korea. - Phycologia 58(3): 287-299.

Lee S.Y., H.J. Jeong & T.C. LaJeunesse (2020) Cladocopium infistulum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a thermally tolerant dinoflagellate symbiotic with giant clams from the western Pacific Ocean. Phycologia 59(6): 515-526.

Lee Y.-W., G. Kim, W.-A. Lim & D.-W. Hwang (2010) A relationship between submarine groundwater borne nutrients traced by Ra isotopes and the intensity of dinoflagellate red-tides occurring in the southern sea of Korea. - Limnology and Oceanography 55(1): 1-10

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Lepelletier F., S.A. Karpov, S. Le Panse, E. Bigeard, A. Skovgaard, C. Jeanthon & L. Guillou (2014) Parvilucifera rostrata sp. nov. (Perkinsozoa), a novel parasitoid that infects planctonic dinoflagellates. - Protist 165(1): 31-49.
Lepelletier F., S.A. Karpov, E. Alacid, S. Le Panse, E. Bigeard, E. Garcés, C. Jeanthon & L. Guillou (2014) Dinomyces arenysensis gen. et sp. nov. (Rhizophydiales, Dinomycetaceae fam. nov.), a chytrid infecting marine dinoflagellates. - Protist 165(2): 230-244. 

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Lewis A.M., L.N. Coates, A.D. Turner, L. Percy & J. Lewis (2018) A review of the global distribution of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) and comments on ecology and associated paralytic shellfish toxin profiles, with a focus on northern Europe (Review). - Journal of Phycology 54(5): 581-598.

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Lewis J. (1988) Cysts and sediments: Gonyaulax polyedra (Lingulodinium machaerophorum) in Loch Creran. - Journal of the Marine Biological Association U.K. 68: 701-714.

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Lewis J. (1990) The cyst-theca relationship of Oblea rotunda (Diplopsalidaceae, Dinophyceae). - British phycolological Journal 25: 339-351.

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Lewis J. (1996) Nuisance microalgae in tidal waters. - NRA Marine Algae Report. 144pp.
Lewis J. & R. Hallet (1997) Lingulodinium polyedrum (Gonyaulax polyedra) a blooming dinoflagellate. – In: A.D. Ansell, R.N. Gibson & M. Barnes (Eds) Oceanography and Marine biology: an Annual Review. 35: 97-161.
Lewis J., A.S.D. Harris, K.J. Jones & R.L. Edmonds (1999)  Long-term survival of marine planktonic diatoms and dinoflagellates in stored sediment samples. - Journal of Plankton Research 21: 343-354.
Lewis J., G. Kennaway, S. Franca & E. Alverca (2001) Bacterium-dinoflagellate interactions: investigative microscopy of Alexandrium spp. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). - Phycologia 40(3): 280-285.
Lewis J., A. Rochon, M. Ellegaard, P.J. Mudie & I. Harding (2001) The cyst-theca relationship of Bitectatodinium tepikiense (Dinophyta). - European Journal of Phycology 36: 137-146.
Lewis J., J.D. Taylor, K. Neale & S.A.G. Leroy (2018) Expanding known dinoflagellate distributions: investigations of slurry cultures from Caspian Sea sediment. - Botanica Marina 61(1): 21-31.
Lewis N.I., W. Xu, S.K. Jericho, H.J. Kreuzer, M.H. Jericho & A.D. Cembella (2006) Swimming speed of three species of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) as determined by digital in-line holography. – Phycologia 45(1): 61-70.
Lewis R.A. & M.J. Holmes (1993) Origin and transfer of toxins involved in ciguatera. – Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 106(3): 615-628.

Lewitus A.J., H.B.Jr. Glasgow & J.M. Burkholder (1999) Kleptoplastidy in the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscidida (Dinophyceae). – Journal of Phycology 35: 303-312.
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Lewitus A.J., M.S. Wetz, B.M. Willis, J.M. Burckholder, M.W. Parrow & H.B. Glasgow (2006) Grazing activity of Pfiesteria piscicida (Dinophyceae) and susceptility to ciliate predation vary with toxicity status. – Harmful Algae 5(2): 427-434.

Li A., D.K. Stoecker & J.E. Adolf (1999) Feeding, pigmentation, photosynthesis and growth of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium galatheanum. - Aquatic Microbial Ecology 19: 163-176.
Li A., D.K. Stoecker & D.W. Coats (2000a) Mixotrophy in Gyrodinium galatheanum (Dinophyceae): grazing responses to light intensity and inorganic nutrients. - Journal of Phycology 36: 33-45.
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