K

last update: 04 July 2024

 

Kahn N. & E. Swift (1978) Positive buoyancy through ionic control in the nonmotile marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis noctiluca Murray in Schütt. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 649-658.

Kalvelage J., L. Wöhlbrand, R.-A. Schoon, F.-M. Zink, C. Correll, J. Senkler, H. Eubel, M. Hoppenrath, E. Rhiel, H.-P. Braun, M. Winkelhofer, A. Klingl & R. Rabus (2023) The enigmatic nucleus of the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum. - mSphere 8(4): 10.1128/mshere.00038-23
Kalvelage J., L. Wöhlbrand, J. Senkler, J. Schumacher, N. Ditz, K. Bischof, M. Winkelhofer, A. Klingl, H.-P. Braun, & R. Rabus (2024) Conspicuous chloroplasts with light harvesting-photosystem I/II megacomplex in marine Prorocentrum cordatum. - Plant Physiology 195: 306-325.


Kameneva P.A., K.V. Efimova, V.G. Rybin & T.Y. Orlova (2015) Detection of Dinophysistoxin-1 in clonal culture of marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum foraminosum (Faust M.A., 1993) from the Sea of Japan. - Toxins 7: 3947-3959.

Kamikawa R., S. Hosoi-Tanabe, S. Nagai, S. Itakura & Y. Sako (2005) Development of a quantification assay for the cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fisheries Science 71: 985-989.
Kamikawa R., H. Nishimura & Y. Sako (2009) Analysis of the mitochondrial genome, transcripts, and electron transport activity in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). - Phycological Research 57: 1-11.

Kamiyama T. & T. Suzuki (2009) 16. Production of dinophysistoxin-1 and pectenotoxin-2 by a culture of Dinophysis acuminata (Dinophyceae). - Harmful Algae 8(2): 312-317.

Kamptner E. (1927) Beitrag zur Kenntnis adriatischer Coccolithophoriden. – Archiv für Protistenkunde 58: 173-184.
Kamptner E. (1941) Die Coccolithineen der Südwestküste Istriens. – Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 51: 54-149, Pl. 1-15. 
Kamptner E. (1956) Thoracosphaera Delflandrei nov. spec., ein bemerkenswertes Kalkflagellaten Gehäuse aus dem Eocän von Donzaqc (Dept. Landes, Frankreich.) – Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 103: 448-456.
Kamptner E. (1958) Betrachtungen zur Systematik der Kalkflagellaten nebst einem Versuch einer neuen Gruppierung der Chrysomonadales. – Archiv für Protistenkunde 103(1/2): 54-116.
Kamptner E. (1963) Coccolithineen-Skelettreste aus Tiefseeablagerungen des Pazifischen Ozeans. - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 66: 139-204.   
Kamptner E. (1967) Kalkflagellaten-Skelettreste aus Tiefseeschlamm des Südatlantischen Ozeans. - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 71: 117-198.

Kamykowski D.
, R.E. Reed & G.J. Kirkpatrick (1992) Comparision of sinking velocity, swimming velocity, rotation and path characteristics among six marine dinoflagellate species. - Marine Biology 113(2): 319-328.

Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup, W. Shin, S.W. Nam, J.Y. Park, M.F. DeSalas, K.W. Kim & J.H. Noh (2010) Description of a new planktonic mixotrophic dinoflagellate Paragymnodinium shiwhaense n. gen., n. sp. from coastal waters off western Korea: morphology, pigments, and ribosomal DNA gene sequence. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 57(2): 121-144.
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup & T.G. Park (2011) Gyrodiniellum shiwaense n. gen., n. sp., a new planktonic heterotrophic dinoflagellate from the coastal waters of western Korea: morphology and ribosomal DNA gene sequenc. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 58(4): 284-309.
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Y.D. Yoo, E.Y. Joon K.H. Lee, K. Lee & G. Kim (2011) Mixotrophy in the newly described phototrophic dinoflagellate Woloszynskia cincta from Western Korean waters: feeding mechanism, prey species and effect of prey concentration. - The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 58(2): 152-170.
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup, S.Y. Lee, A.S. Lim, T.J. Jang, K.H. Lee, M.J. Lee, S.H. Jang, E. Potvin, S.K. Lee & J.H. Noh (2014) Gymnodinium smaydae n. sp., a new planktonic phototrophic dinoflagellate from the coastal waters of western Korea: morphology and molecular characterization. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61: 182-203. 
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup, T.J. Jang, S.Y. Lee & M.J. Lee (2015) Aduncodinium gen. nov. and A. glandula comb. nov. (Dinophyceae, Pfiesteriaceae), from coastal waters off Korea: morphology and molecular characterization. - Harmful Algae 41: 25-37.
Kang S.-H., J.-S. Kang, S.-R. Lee, K.H. Chung, D. Kim & M.G. Park (2001) Antarctic phytoplankton assemblages in the marginal ice zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea. – Journal of Plankton Research 23: 333-352.

 

Kaniewska P. & E.M. Sampayo (2022) Macro- and micro-scale adaptations allow distinct Stylophora pistillata-Symbiodiniaceae holobionts to optimize performance across a broad light habitat. - Journal of Phycology 58(1): 55-70.


Karafas S., R. York & C. Tomas (2015) Morphological and genetic analysis of the Coolia monotis species complex with the introduction of two new species, Coolia santacroce sp. nov. and Coolia palmyrensis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). - Harmful Algae 46: 18-33. 

Karafas S., S.T. Teng, C.P. Leaw & C. Alves-de-Souza (2018) An evaluation of the genus Amphidinium (Dinophyceae) combining evidence from morphology, phylogenetics, and toxin production, with the introduction of six novel species. - Harmful Algae 68: 128-151.


Karsten G. (1905) Das Phytoplankton des Antarktischen Meeres nach dem Material der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. – Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer VALDIVIA 1898-1899 im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innneren herausgegeben von Carl Chun 2(2) Lieferung 1: 1-136, pls. 1-19.
Karsten G. (1906) Das Phytoplankton des Atlantischen Oceans nach dem Material der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. – Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer VALDIVIA 1898-1899 im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innneren herausgegeben von Carl Chun 2(2) Lieferung 2: 139-219, pls 20-34.

Karwath B. (2000) Ecological studies on living and fossil calcareous dinoflagellates of the equatorial and tropical Atlantic Ocean. - Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen 152: 1-175.

Käsler R. (1938) Die Verbreitung der Dinophysiales im Südatlantischen Ozean. – Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Forschungs- und Vermessungsschiff <<METEOR>> 1925-1927, 12, 2, (3): 165-237.

Kassim T.I. & H. A. Al-Saadi (1995) Seasonal variation of epiphytic algae in a salt marsh area (southern Iraq). - Acta Hydrbiologica 37(3): 153-161.

Kaufmann M.J., F. Santos & M. Maranhao (2015) Checklist of nanno- and microphytoplankton off Madeira Island (North Atlantic) with some historical notes. - Nova Hedwigia 101(1-2): 205-232. 

Kawabata Z. & Y. Hirano (1995) Growth pattern and cellular nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the dinoflagellate Peridinium penardii (Lemm.) Lemm. causing a freshwater red tide in a reservoir. - Hydrobiologia 312: 115-120.

Kawami H., M. Iwataki & K. Matsuoka (2006) A new diplopsalid species Oblea acanthocysta sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae). – Plankton & Benthos Research 1(4): 183-190.
Kawami H., R. van Wezel, R.P.T. Koeman & K. Matsuoka (2009) Protoperidinium tricingulatum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new motile form of a round, brown, and spiny dinoflagellate cyst. - Phycological Research 57: 259-267.

Kebede E. & A. Belay (1994) Species composition and phytoplankton biomass in a tropical African lake (Lake Awassa, Ethiopia). - Hydrobiologia 288: 13-32.

Kelly I. & L.A. Pfiester (1989) Vegetative reproduction of the freshwater dinoflagellate Gloeodinium montanum. – Journal of Phycology 25(2): 241-247.
Kelly I. & L.A. Pfiester (1990) Sexual reproduction in the freshwater dinoflagellate Gloeodinium montanum. – Journal of Phycology 26(1) : 167-173.

Kempton J.W., J. Wolny, T. Tengs, P. Rizzo, R. Morris, J. Tunnell, P. Scott, K. Steidinger, S.N. Hymel & A.J. Lewitus (2002) Kryptoperidinium foliaceum blooms in South Carolina: a multi-analytical approach to identification. - Harmful Algae 1: 383–392.

Kennaway G.M. & J.M. Lewis (2004) An ultrastructural study of hypnozygotes of Alexandrium species (Dinophyceae). – Phycologia 43(4): 353-352.

Kent W.S. (1881) A manual of the Infusoria: including a description of all known flagellate, ciliate, and tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and foreign, and an account of the organization and affinities of the sponges. London: David Bogue. 913 pp. + 51 pls.

Kesseler W. (1966)  Beitrag zur Kenntnis der chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften des Zellsaftes von Noctiluca miliaris. – Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, Suppl. II: 357-368.

Keupp H. (1978) Calcisphaeren des Untertithon der südlichen Frankenalb und die systematische Stellung von Pithonella Lorenz 1901. -  Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatsheft 1978(2): 87-98.
Keupp H. (1979a) Alasphaera caudata n.g.n.sp., eine neue Calciodinelloidee aus der Unterkreide (Hauterivium) Nordwestdeutschlands. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatsheft 1979(5): 284-290.
Keupp H. (1979b) Die Blätterton-Facies der nordwestdeutschen Unterkreide – Teil 1. Calciodinelloidea aus dem Blätterton-Fazies des nordwestdeutschen Unter-Barremium. – Berichte der Naturhist. Gesellschaft Hannover 122: 7-69.
Keupp H. (1979c) Lower cretaceous calcisphaerulidae and their relationship to calcareous dinoflagellate cysts. - Bulletin du Centre de Recherches Exploration Elf-Aquitaine 3(2): 651-663.
Keupp H. (1980a) Calcigonellum Deflandre, 1948 und Echinodinella n.gen. (Kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten) aus der norddeutschen Unter-Kreide. – Facies 2: 123-148, pls. 14-17.
Keupp H. (1980b) Pithonella patriciacreeleyae BOLLI 1974, eine kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zyste mit interner Paratabulation (Unter-Kreide, Speeton/SE-England). - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und  Palaeontologie, Monatshefte 9: 513–524.
Keupp H. (1980c) Pithonella paratabulata n. sp., eine unterkretazische Calcisphaere mit äußerer Paratabulation. – Facies 3: 239-249.
Keupp H. (1981) Die kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten der borealen Unter-Kreide (Unter-Hauterivium bis Unter-Albium). – Facies 5: 1-190, pls. 1-53.
Keupp H. (1984) Revision der kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten G. Deflandres, 1948. – Paläontologische Zeitschrift 58(1/2): 9-31.
Keupp H. (1991a) Kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten aus dem Eibrunner Mergel (Cenoman-Turon-Grenzbereich) bei Bad Abbach/Süddeutschland. - Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A, 134: 127-145.
Keupp H. (1991b) “Palinosphaera”: Irrwege eines mikropaläontologischen Taxons. - Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A, 134: 147-159.
Keupp H. (1992) Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts from the Lower Cretaceous of Hole 761C, Wombat Plateau, Eastern Indian Ocean. – In U. Rad et al. (Eds), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 122: 497-509.
Keupp H. & R. Kohring (1993) Kalkige Dinoflagellatenzysten aus dem Obermiozän von El Mehdi (Algerien). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E, 9: 25-43.
Keupp H., B. Monnet & R. Kohring (1991) Morphotaxa bei kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten und ihre problematische Systematisierung. – Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Reihe A 134: 161-185.
Keupp H. & J. Mutterlose (1984) Organismenverteilung in den D-Beds von Speeton (Unterkreide, England) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten. – Facies 10: 153-178 incl. pls. 20-23.
Keupp H. & G. Versteegh (1989) Ein neues systematisches Konzept für kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten der Subfamilie Orthopithonelloideae Keupp 1987. - Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A 106: 207-219.

Ki J.-S. (2010) Nuclear 28S rDNA phylogeny supports the basal placement of Noctiluca scintillans (Dinophyceae; Noctilucales) in dinoflagellates. - European Journal of Protistology 46(2): 111-120. 
Ki J.-S., M.-H. Park & M.-S. Han (2011) Discriminative power of nuclear rDNA sequences for the DNA taxonomy of the dinoflagellate genus Peridinium (Dinophyceae). - Journal of Phycology 47(2): 426-435.

Kideyş A.E., M. Ünsal & F. Bingel (1989) Seasonal changes in net phytoplankton off Erdemli, Northeastern Mediterranean. – Doğ, Turk. J. Botany 13: 45-54.

Kim C.H., H.J. Cho, J.B. Shin, C.H. Moon & K. Matsuoka (2002) Regeneration from hyaline cysts of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a red tide organism along the Korean coast. – Phycologia 41: 667-669.
Kim C.-H., Y. Sako & Y. Ichida (1993) Comparision of toxic composition between populations of Alexandrium spp. From geographically distant areas. – Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59: 641-646.
Kim C.-J., C.-H. Kim & Y. Sako (2005) Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin analysis of the genus Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) occuring in Korean coastal waters. Fisheries Sci. 71: 1-11.
Kim H.S. & J. Chung (1993) Freshwater Algal flora of natural Swamps in Changnyong County. - Korean Journal of Limnology 26(4): 305-319.
Kim H.S. & J. Chung (1994) Fresh-water algae new to Korea (IV). - The Korean Journal of  Phycology 9(1): 1-6.
Kim H.S., W. Yih, J.H. Kim, G. Myung & H.J. Jeong (2011) Abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates from coastal waters off Jeju Island, Korea during autumn 2009. - Ocean Science Journal 46(3): 205-209.

Kim J.H., H.J. Jeong, A.S. Lim, J.R. Rho & S.B. Lee (2016) Killing potential protist predators as a survival strategy of the newly described dinoflagellate Alexandrium pohangense. - Harmful Algae 55: 41-55.
Kim K.-Y., D.J. Garbary & J.L. McLachlan (2004) Phytoplankton dynamics in Pomquet Harbour, Nova Scotia: a lagoon in southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. – Phycologia 43(3): 311-328.
Kim K.-Y., M. Iwataki & C.-H. Kim (2008) Molecular phylogenetic affiliations of Dissodinium pseudolunula, Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, Polykrikos cf. schwartzii and Polykrikos kofoidii to Gymnodinium sensu stricto species (Dinophyceae). - Phycological Research 56(2): 89-92.
Kim K.-Y., M. Yoshida & C.-H. Kim (2005) Molecular phylogeny of three hitherto unreported Alexandrium species: Alexandrium hiranoi, Alexandrium leei and Alexandrium satoanum (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae): inferred from the 18S and 26S rDNA sequence data. – Phycologia 44(4): 361-360.
Kim K.-Y., M. Yoshida & C.-H. Kim (2005) Morphological variation of Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) in culture specimens and reinterpretation of the thecal formula. - Algae 20(4): 299-304.

Kim M., S.W. Nam, W. Shin, D.W. Coats & M.G. Park (2012) Dinophysis caudata (Dinophyceae) sequesters and retains plastids from the mixotrophic ciliate prey Mesodinium rubrum. - Journal of Phycology 48(3): 569-579.
Kim M., K.Y. Kim, S.W. Nam, W. Shin, W. Yih & M.G. Park (2014) The effect of starvation on plastid number and photosynthetic performance in the kleptoplastidic dinoflagellate Amylax triacantha. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61: 354-363.
Kim S. & M.G. Park (2014) Amoebophrya spp. from the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides: parasites not nested in the "Amoebophrya ceratii complex". - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61: 173-181.
Kim S., J. Yoon & M.G. Park (2015) Obligate mixotrophy of the pigmented dinoflagellate Polykrikos lebourae (Dinophyceae, Dinoflagellata). - Algae 30(1): 35-47.
Kim S., M.G. Park, W. Yih & D.W. Coats (2004) Infection of the bloom-forming, thecate dinoflagellates Alexandrium affine and Gonyaulax spinifera by two strains of Amoebophrya (Dinophyta). – Journal of Phycology 40(5): 815-822.
Kim S., T.R. Bachvaroff, S.M. Handy & C.F. Delwiche (2011) Dynamics of actin evolution in dinoflagellates. - Molecular Biology and Evolution 28(4): 1469-1480.

Kim S. & M.G. Park (2018) Feeding characteristics and molecular phylogeny of the thecate mixotrophic dinoflagellate Fragilidium mexicanum. - Harmful Algae 63: 154-163.

Kim S.J., H.J. Jeong, H.C. Kang, J.H. You & J.H. Ok (2019) Differential feeding by common heterotrophic protists on four Scrippsiella species of similar size. - Journal of Phycology 55(4): 868-881.

Kim Y.-O. & M.-S. Han (2000) Seasonal relationship between cyst germination and vegetative populations of Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae). - Marine Ecology Progress Series 204: 111-118.

Kimball J.F. & E.J.F. Wood (1965) A dinoflagellate with characters of Gymnodinium and Gyrodinium. – Journal of Protozoology 12: 577-580.

Kimmerer W.J. & A.D. McKinnon (1990) High mortality in a copepod population caused by a parasitic dinoflagellate. - Marine Biology 107: 449-452.

Kimor B., N. Gordon & A. Neori (1992) Symbiotic associations among the microplankton in oligotrophic marine environments, with special reference to the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. – Journal of Plankton Research 14: 1217-1231.
Kimor B. & B. Wood (1975) A plankton study in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. – Marine Biology 29: 321-333.

Kimura M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. - Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111–120. 

Kienel U. (1994) Die Entwicklung der kalkigen Nannofossilien und der kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten an der Kreide/Tertiär-Grenze in Westbrandenburg im Vergleich mit Profilen in Nordjütland und Seeland (Dänemark) – Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E/12: 1-87.

Kiørboe T. (1993) Turbulence, phytoplankton cell-size, and the structure of pelagic food webs. – Adv. Mar. Biol. 29: 41-50.
Kiørboe T. & J. Titelman (1998) Feeding, prey selection and prey encounter mechanisms in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans. - Journal of Plankton Research 20(7): 1015-136.

Kirchhoff B. & B. Meyer (1995) A new phagotrophic species of Katodinium (Dinophyceae) from hypertrophic shallow lakes in North Germany. - Nova Hedwigia 60: 179-185.

Kirchner M., Sahling, G., Schütt, C., Döpke, H. & Uhlig, G. (1999) Intracellular bacteria in the red tide-forming heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans. - Archiv für  Hydrobiolgie, Special Issues  Advances in Limnology 54: 297-310.
Kirchner M., G. Sahling G. Uhlig, W. Gunkel & K.-W. Klings (1996)  Does the red tide-forming dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans feed on bacteria? Sarsia 81: 45-55.

Kisselev I.A.
(1927) New data on algae of the Aral Sea. - News of the Department of applied Ichthyology 5(2): 270-302.
Kisselev I.A. (1954) Opredelitel’ presnovodnych vodoroslej SSSR. 6: 1-213. Pirofitovye vodorosli. - Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo „Sovetskaja nauka. - Moskva.

Kita T. & Y. Fukuyo (1988) Description of the gonyaulacoid dinoflagellate Alexandrium hiranoi sp. nov. inhabiting tidepools on Japanese Pacific coast. – Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 35(1): 1-7.
Kita T., Y. Fukuyo, H. Tokuda & R. Hirano (1985) Life Cycle, and ecology of Goniodoma pseudogonyaulax (Pyrrhphyta) in a rockpool. – Bulletin marine Science 37: 643-651.
Kita T., Y. Fukuyo, H. Tokuda & R. Hirano (1993) Sexual reproduction of Alexandrium hiranoi (Dinophyceae). - Bull. Plankt. Soc. Jap. 39: 79-85.

Kite G.C. & J.D. Dodge (1988) Cell and chloroplast ultrastructure in Gyrodinium aureolum and Gymnodinium galatheanum. Two marine dinoflagellates containing unusual carotenoid. – Sarsia 73: 131-138.

Klebs G. (1912) Über Flagellaten- und Algen-ähnlichen Peridineen. – Verhandlungen des  Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg NF 11: 369-451; pl. 10.
Klebs G. (1884) Ein kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Peridineen. - Botanischer Anzeiger 42(46): 721-736.
Klebs G. (1884) Ein kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Peridineen. - Botanischer Anzeiger 42(47): 738-751, pl. 10. 

Kliemann O. & R. Hardeland (1994) Guanidinoacetic acid shortens the circadian period in Gonyaulax polyedra. - In: Cell Biological Problems in Chronobiology (R. Hardeland, ed.), Univ. of Göttingen, Göttingen, pp. 61-62.

Klinkenberg G. & R. Schumann (1995) Abundance changes of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Zingster Strom, a shallow, tideless estuary soutth of the Darß-Zingst Peninsula (southern Baltic Sea). - Arch. Hydrobiol. 134(3): 359-377. 

Klöpper S., R. Scharek & G. Gerdts (2003) Diarrhetic shellfish toxicity in relation to the abundance of Dinophysis spp. in the German Bight near Helgoland. - Marine Ecology Progress Series 259: 93-102.

 

Knechtel J., J. Kretschmann, J. Chacón & M. Gottschling (2020) Dinastridium verrucosum Baumeister from Bavaria (Germany) is a borghiellacean dinophyte (Suessiales). - Protist 171(4): 125741.


Kobayashi S., N. Kojima, S. Itakura, I. Imai & K. Matsuoka (2001) Cyst morphology of a chain-forming unarmored dinoflagellate Gyrodinium impudicum Fraga & Bravo. - Phycological Research 49(1): 61-65.
Kobayashi S. & K. Matsuoka (1984) Cyst and theca forms of Protoperidinium conicum (Gran) Balech (Dinophyceae). – Japanese Journal of Phycology 32: 251-256.
Kobayashi S. & K. Matsuoka (1995) A new species of Ensiculifera, E. imariense (Dinophyceae), producing organic-walled cysts. - Journal of Phycology 31(1): 147-152.
Kobayashi S., K. Matsuoka & G. Gaines (1990) A new species of the genus Ensiculifera (Dinophyceae); its cyst and motile forms. – Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 37(2): 127-143.
Kobayashi S., K. Matsuoka & S. Iizuka (1986) Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of Japanese coastal waters. I. Omura Bay, Kyushu. – Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 33(2): 81-93.

Kobiyama A., N. Yoshida, S. Suzuki, K. Koike & T. Ogata (2005) Differences in the expression patterns of photosynthetic genes in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. – European Journal of Protistology 41(4): 277-285.

Kocot K.M.
& S.R. Santos (2009) 8. Secondary structural modeling of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) from Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae). - Harmful Algae 8(3): 441-446. 
 
Kodrans-Nsiah M., G.J. de Lange & K.A.F. Zonnefeld (2008) A natural exposure experiment on short-term species-selective aerobic degradation of dinoflagellate cysts. - Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 152: 32-39.

Koeppen N.
(1894) Amoebophrya Stycholonchae nov. gen. et sp. („Corps spiral“ de Fol.). - Zoologischer Anzeiger 17(462): 417-424.
Koeppen N. (1899) Hyalosaccus Ceratii nov. gen et sp. parasit’ Dinoflagellat’. - Zapiski Kievskago Obschchestva estestvoispytateley 16(1): 89-135, pls. 6-8.

Kofoid C.A. (1905) Reports of the scientific results of the Expedition to the Eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Allexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer „Albatross“, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. III. Craspedotella, a new genus of the Cystoflagellata, an example of convergence. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comperative Zoology at Harvard College 46(9): 163-165.
Kofoid C.A. (1906a) On the structure of Gonyaulax triacantha Jörg. - Zool. Anz. 30: 102-105.
Kofoid C.A. (1906b) Dinoflagellatea of the San Diego region. - I. On Heterodinium, a new Genus of the Peridinidae. - University of California Publications in Zoology 2(8): 341-368.
Kofoid C.A. (1906c) Dinoflagellata of the San Diego region. II. On Triposolenia, a new genus of the Dinophysidae. - University of California Publications in Zoology 3(6): 93-116, pls.15-17.
Kofoid C.A. (1906d) A discussion of species characters in Triposolenia. - University of California Publications in Zoology 3(7): 117-126.
Kofoid C.A. (1906e) On the significance of the asymmetry in Triposolenia. - University of California Publications in Zoology 3(8): 127-133.
Kofoid C.A. (1907a) Dinoflagellates of the San Diego Region. III. Description of new species. – University of California Publications in Zoology 3: 299-340.
Kofoid C.A. (1907b) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Aggassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer „Albatross“, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut.-Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. IX. New species of dinoflagellates. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 50(6): 163-207 + pls. 1-17.
Kofoid C.A. (1907c) The plates of Ceratium with a note on the unity of the genus. -  Zoologischer Anzeiger 32(7): 177-183.
Kofoid C.A. (1908a) Exuviation, autotomy and regeneration in Ceratium. - University of California Publications in Zoology 4(6): 345-386.
Kofoid C.A. (1908b) Notes on some obscure Ceratium species. - University of California Publications in Zoology 4(7): 387-393.
Kofoid C.A. (1910) A revision of the genus Ceratocorys based on skeletal morphology. - University of California Publications in Zoology 6(8): 177-187.
Kofoid C.A. (1911a) Dinoflagellates of the San Diego region IV. The genus Gonyaulax, with notes on ist skeletal morphology and a discussion of its generic and specific characters. -University of California Publications in Zoology 8: 187-286.
Kofoid C.A. (1911b) On the skeletal morphology of Gonyaulax catenatum (Levander). - University of California Publications in Zoology 8: 287-294.
Kofoid C.A. (1911c) Dinoflagellates of the San Diego region V. On Spiraulax, a new genus of the Peridinida. - University of California Publications in Zoology 8: 295-300.
Kofoid C.A. (1920) A new morphological interpretation of the structure of Noctiluca, and its bearing on the status of the Cystoflagellata (Haeckel). - University of California Publications in Zoology 19(10): 317-334.
Kofoid C.A. (1931) Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. 18. Protozoan fauna of Mutsu Bay. Subclass Dinoflagellata; Tribe Gymnodinioidae. – The Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University Fourth Series (Biology) 6(1):1-43.
Kofoid C.A. &A.M. Adamson (1933) The Dinoflagellata: the family Heterodiniidae of the Peridinioidae. - Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 54(1): 1-136. 
Kofoid C.A. & J.R. Michener (1911) Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer „ALBATROSS,“ from October 1904, to March, 1906, Lieut. L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., Commanding. XXII. New genera and species of Dinoflagellates. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Havard College 54(7): 267-302.
Kofoid C.A. & J.R. Michener (1912) On the structure and relationships of Dinosphaera palustris (Lemm.). - University of California Publications in Zoology 11: 21-28.
Kofoid C.A. & E.J. Ridgen (1912) Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer „ALBATROSS,“ from October 1904, to March, 1906, Lieut. L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., Commanding. XXIV. A peculiar form of schizogony in Gonyaulax. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Havard College 54(10): 335-348.
Kofoid C.A. & T. Skogsberg (1928) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Aggassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer „Albatross“, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut.-Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. XXXV. The Dinoflagellata: The Dinophysoidae. - Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 51: 1-766 + pls. 1-31.
Kofoid C.A. & O. Swezy (1921) The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. - Memoirs of the  University of  California 5: 1-538.

Kohli G.S., B.A. Neilan, M.V. Brown, M. Hoppenrath & S.A. Murray (2014) Cob gene pyrosequencing enables characterization of benthic dinoflagellate diversity and biogeography. - Environmental Microbiology 16(2): 467-485. 
Kohli G.S., S.A. Murray, B.A. Neilan, L.L. Rhodes, D.T. Harwood, K.F. Smith, L. Meyer, A. Capper, S. Brett & G.M. Hallegraeff (2014) High abundance of the potentially maitotoxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus carpenteri in temperate waters of New South Wales, Australia. - Harmful Algae 39: 134-145.  

Kohring R. (1993) Kalkdinoflagellaten aus dem Mittel- und Obereozän von Jütland (Dänemark) und dem Pariser Becken (Frankreich) im Vergleich mit anderen Tertiär-Vorkommen. – Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E, 6: 1-164.
Kohring R. (1997) Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts from the Blue Clay formation (Serravallian, Late Miocene) of the Maltese Island. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatsheft 1997(3): 151-164.
Kohring R., M. Gottschling & H. Keupp (2005) Examples for character traits and palaeoecological significance of calcareous dinoflagellates. – Paläontologische Zeitschrift 79(1): 79-91.

Koike K., K. Koike, M. Tagaki, T. Ogata & T. Ishimura (2000) Evidence of phagotrophy in Dinophysis fortii (Dinophysiales, Dinophyceae), a dinoflagellate that causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). - Phycological Research 48: 121-124.
Koike K. & K. Takishita (2008) Anucleated cryptophyte vestiges in the gonyaulacalean dinoflagellates Amylax buxus and Amylax triacantha (Dinophyceae). - Phycological Research 56: 301-311.

Kojima N. & S. Kobayashi (1992) Motile cell-like cyst of Gyrodinium instriatum Freudenthal et Lee (Dinophyceae). - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 74: 239-247.

Kokinos J.P. & D. M. Anderson (1995) Morphological developement of resting cysts in cultures of the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (= L. machaerophorum). - Palynology 19: 143-166.

Komárková J. & J. Hejzlar (1996) Summer maxima of phytoplankton in the Rímov reservoir in relation to hydrologic parameters and phosphorus loading. - Arch. Hydrobiol. 136: 217-236.   

 

Kon N.F., W.L.S. Lau, K.S. Hii, I.K. Law, S.T. Teng, H.C. Lim, K. Takahashi, H. Gu, P.T. Lim & C.P. Leaw (2017) Quantitative real-time PCR detection of a harmful unarmoured dinoflagellate, Karlodinium australe (Dinophyceae). - Phycological Research 65: 291-298.


Konovalova G.V. (1993) Toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates from the far east coastal waters of Russia. - In: Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the Sea. - T.J.Smayda & Y. Shimizu (Eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam p. 278.
Konovalova G.V. (2008) Parasitic dinoflagellates and ellobiopsids (Ellobiopsidae) of the coastal waters of the Sea of Japan. - Russian Journal of Marine Biology 34: 28-37.
Konovalova G.V. & M.S. Selina (2002) Life circle of Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Dinophyta) from the Sea of  Japan. – Botanicheskij Zhurnal 87(9): 38-43 (in Russian, with English abstract).

Korbee N.
, M.T. Mata & F.L. Figueroa (2010) Photoprotection mechanisms against ultraviolet radiation in Heterocapsa sp. (Dinophyceae) are influenced by nitrogen availability: Mycosporine-like amino acids vs. xanthophyll cycle. - Limnology and Oceanography (Volume 55, Issue 2): 899-908.

Koray T.
(2001) A checklist for phytoplankton of Turkish Seas. Ege University Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 18: 1-23.

Kotani Y., Y. Matsuyama, M. Hayashi & K. Matsuoka (2006) Distribution and abundance of resting cyst of Alexandrium tamarense and/or A. catenella (Dinophyceae) in Tokyo Bay, Japan. – Plankton Benthos Research 1(3): 147-154.

Koukaras K. & G. Nikolaidis (2004) Dinophysis blooms in Greek coastal waters (Thermaikos Gulf, NW Aegean Sea). – Journal of Plankton Research 26(4): 445-457.

Kovalev & Piontkovski 1998, ???? Journal of Plankton Research 20: 1377-1385.

Kozhova O.M.
, L.R. Izmest'eva & E.A. Erbaeva (1994) A review of the hydrobiology of Lake Khubsugul (Mongolia). - Hydrobiologia 291: 11-19.

Kowallik K.V.
(1969) The crystal lattice of the pyrenoid matrix of Prorocentrum micans. – Journal Cell Science 5: 251-269.

Krakhmalnyi A.F.
(2002) A new species of the genus Peridiniopsis Lemm. (Peridiniales, Dinophyta). - International Journal on Algae 4: 51–58.

Krakhmalnyi A.F. & G.M. Terenko (2002) A new form of Prorocentrum micans Ehr. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyta) in plankton of the Black Sea. - International Journal on Algae 4: 76–80.

Krakhmalnyi A.F. & G.M. Terenko (2004) Prorocentrum ponticus Krakhmalny & Terenko sp. nov., a new species of Dinophyta from the Black Sea. - International Journal on Algae 6: 35–42.
Krakhmalnyi A.F., M.A. Krakhmalnyi, G.M. Terenko & I.V. Goncharenko (2023) Dominant species of the genus Protoperidinium Bergh (Peridiniales: Protoperidiniaceae) in the Black Sea. - Zootaxa 5339(5): 427-448.

 

Kramer B.J., A.J. Bourdelais, S.A. Kitchen & A.R. Taylor (2019) Uptake and localization of fluorescently-labeled Karenia brevis metabolites in non-toxic marine microbial taxa. - Journal of Phycology 55(1): 47-59.

 

Kreimer G. (1999) Reflective properties of different eyespot types in dinoflagellates. - Protist 150: 311-323.

Kremp A.
(2000) Morphology and germination pattern of the resting cyst of Peridiniella catenata (Dinophyceae) from the Baltic Sea. - Phycologia 39: 183-186.
Kremp A., M. Elbrächter, M. Schweikert, J.L. Wolny & M. Gottschling (2005) Woloszynskia halophila (Biecheler) comb. nov.: a bloom forming cold-water dinoflagellate co-occuring with Scrippsiella hangoei (Dinophyceae) in the Baltic Sea. – Journal of Phycology 41(3): 629-642. 
Kremp A. & M.W. Parrow (2006) Evidence for asexual resting cysts in the life cycle of the marine peridinoid dinoflagellate, Scrippsiella hangoei. – Journal of Phycology 42(2): 400-409.
Kremp A., T. Lindholm, N. Dreßler, K. Erler, G. Gerdts, S. Eirtovaara & E. Leskinen (2009) Bloom forming Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in shallow waters of the Åland Archipelago, Northern Baltic Sea. - Harmful Algae 8(2): 318-328.
Kremp A., P. Tahvanainen, W. Litaker, B. Krock, S. Suikkanen, C.P. Leaw  & C. Tomas (2014) Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in the Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities. – Journal of Phycology 50(1): 81-100.

Kremp A., J. Hinners, R. Klais, A.-P. Leppänen & A. Kallio (2018) Patterns of vertical cyst distribution and survival in 100-year-old sediment archives of three spring dinoflagellate species from the Northern Baltic Sea. - European Journal of Phycology 53(2): 135-145.


Kretschmann J., C. Zinssmeister & M. Gottschling (2014) Taxonomic clarification of the dinophyte Rhabdosphaera erinaceus Kamptner, = Scrippsiella erinaceus comb. nov. (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales). - Systematics and Biodiversity 12(4): 393-404. 
Kretschmann J., N.H. Filipowicz, P.M. Owsianny, C. Zinssmeister & M. Gottschling (2015) Taxonomic clarification of the unusual dinophyte Gymnodinium limneticum Wolosz. (Gymnodiniaceae) from the Tatra Mountains. - Protist 166(6): 621-637.
Kretschmann J., M. Elbrächter, C. Zinssmeister, S. Soehner, M. Kirsch, W.-H. Kusber & M. Gottschling (2015) Taxonomic clarification of the dinophyte Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenb., = Scrippsiella acuminata, comb. nov. (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales). - Phytotaxa 220(3): 239-256.

Kretschmann J., A. Zerdoner Calasan, W.-H. Kusber & M. Gottschling (2017) Still curling after all these years: Glenodinium apiculatum Ehrenb. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) repeatedly found at its type locality in Berlin (Germany). - Systematics and Biodiversity ??: ??.

Kretschmann J., A. Zerdoner Calasan & M. Gottschling (2018) Molecular phylogenetics of dinophytes harboring diatoms as endosymbionts (Kryptoperidiniaceae, Peridiniales), with evolutionary interpretations and a focus on the identity of Durinskia oculata from Prague. - Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution 118: 392-402.

Kretschmann J., P.M. Owsianny, A. Zerdoner Calasan & M. Gottschling (2018) The hot spot in a cold environment: puzzling Parvodinium (Peridiniopsidaceae, Peridiniales) from the Polish Tatra Mountains. - Protist 169(2): 206-230.
Kretschmann J., A. Zerdoner Calasan, B. Meyer & M. Gottschling (2020) Zero intercalary plates in Parvodinium (Peridiniopsidaceae, Peridiniales) and phylogenetics of P. elpatiewskyi, comb. nov. - Protist 171(1): 125700.

Kretschmann J., A. Zerdoner Calasan, J. Knechtel, P.M. Owsianny, E. Facher & M. Gottschling (2022) Evolution of Thoracosphaeroideae (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) and a case of atavism in taxonomically clarified Chimonodinium lomnickii var. wierzejskii from the Polish Tatra Mountains. - European Journal of Phycology 57(4): 406-421.


Kretzschmar A.L., A. Verma, T. Harwood, M. Hoppenrath & S. Murray (2017) Characterization of Gambierdiscus lapillus sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae): a new toxic dinoflagellate from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). - Journal of Phycology 53(2): 283-297.

Kretzschmar A.L., M.E. Larsson, M. Hoppenrath, M.A. Doblin & S. Murray (2019) Characterisation of two toxic Gambierdiscus spp. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia): G. lewisii sp. nov. and G. holmesii sp. nov. - Protist 170(6): 125699.


Krienitz L., P. Kasprzak & R. Koschel (1996) Long term study on the influence of eutrophication, restoration and biomanipulation on the structure and developemant of phytoplankton communities in Feldberger Haussee (Baltic Lake District, Germany). - Algological Studies 330: 89-110.

Krock B., U. Tillmann, U. John & A.D. Cembella (2009) Characterization of azaspiracids in plankton size-fractions and isolation of an azaspiracid-producing dinoflagellate from the North Sea. - Harmful Algae 8(2): 254-263.
Krock B., U. Tillmann, T.J. Alpermann, D. Voß, O. Zielinski & A.D. Cembella (2013) Phycotoxin composition and distribution in plankton fractions from the German Bight and western Danish coast. - Journal of Plankton Research 35(5): 1093-1108. 

Krock B., U. Tillmann,  J. Tebben, N. Trefault & H. Gu (2019) Two novel azaspirazids from Azadinium poporum, and a comprehensive compilation of azaspirazids produced by Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae). - Harmful algae 82: 1-8.


Kroon B., B. Prézelin & O. Schofield (1993) Chromatic regulation of quantum yields for photosystem II charge separation, oxygen evolution, and carbon fixation in Heterocapsa pygmea (Pyrrophyta). – Journal of Phycology 29(4): 453-462.

Krueger T., S. Becker, S. Pontasch, S. Dove, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, W. Leggat, P.L. Fisher & S.K. Davy (2014) Antioxidant plasticity and termal sensitivity in four types of Symbiodinium sp. - Journal of Phycology 50(6): 1035-1047.

Kruger I. (1979) First record of the dinoflagellate Brachydinium taylorii Sournia in the Benguela Current. - Fish. Bull. S. Afr. 11: 23-25.

Kubai D.F. & H. Ris (1969) Division in the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium cohnii (Schiller). A new type of nuclear reproduction. - J. Cell. Biol. 40: 508-528. 

Kubis H.-P., I. Balzer & R. Hardeland (1992) Effects of 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-methyl quinoline in relation to circadian rhythms of NAD+ kinase and NADP+ autoreduction in Neurospora crassa and bioluminescence in Gonyaulax polyedra. - Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 102C: 97-101.
Kubis J.A.T., F. Rodríguez, A.E. Rossignoli, P. Riobó, D.A. Juárez, E.A. Sar & I. Sunesen (2023) Morphological, molecular and toxinological analyses of Alexandrium affine (Dinophyceae) from marine coastal waters of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). - Phycologia 62(4): 341-351.


Kufferath H. (1956) Algues et protistes du fleuve Congo dans le Bas-Congo et de son estuaire. Deuxième partie. Algues et protistes prélevés au large et dans la crique de Banana. - Expéd. océanogr. Belge Euax cotières Afr. Atlant. Sud., Résult scient. 5(1): 33-75.   (fide Sournia 1978)
Kufferath H. (1957) Examen microscopique de l’ultraplancton recueuilli au large de Monaco. - Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco 1089: 1-12, incl. pls. 1-2.

Kuguru B., N.E. Chadwick, Y. Achituv, K. Zandbank & D. Tchernov (2008) Mechanisms of habitat segregation between corallimorpharians: photosynthetic parameters and Symbiodinium types. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 369: 115-129.

Kuno S., R. Kamikawa, S. Yoshimatsu, T.Sagara, S. Nishio & Y. Sako (2010) Genetic diversity of Gambierdiscus spp. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) in Japanese coastal areas. - Phycological Research 58: 44-52.

Kusjmina A.I. (1960) Species nova Exuviaellae et forma nova Thalassiosirae hyalinaee fretibus kurileasibus.- Notul. syst. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk SSSR 12: 46-47.

Küster E. (1908) Eine kultivierbare Peridinee. - Archiv für Protistenkunde 11: 351-362.

Kwok A.C.M. & J.T.Y. Wong (2003) Cellulose synthesis is coupled to cell cycle pregression at G1 in the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. – Plant Physiology 131: 1681-1891.