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last update: 14 December 2023

 

Kahn N. & E. Swift (1978) Positive buoyancy through ionic control in the nonmotile marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis noctiluca Murray in Schütt. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 649-658.

Kalvelage J., L. Wöhlbrand, R.-A. Schoon, F.-M. Zink, C. Correll, J. Senkler, H. Eubel, M. Hoppenrath, E. Rhiel, H.-P. Braun, M. Winkelhofer, A. Klingl & R. Rabus (2023) The enigmatic nucleus of the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum. - mSphere 8(4): 10.1128/mshere.00038-23

Kameneva P.A., K.V. Efimova, V.G. Rybin & T.Y. Orlova (2015) Detection of Dinophysistoxin-1 in clonal culture of marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum foraminosum (Faust M.A., 1993) from the Sea of Japan. - Toxins 7: 3947-3959.

Kamikawa R., S. Hosoi-Tanabe, S. Nagai, S. Itakura & Y. Sako (2005) Development of a quantification assay for the cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fisheries Science 71: 985-989.
Kamikawa R., H. Nishimura & Y. Sako (2009) Analysis of the mitochondrial genome, transcripts, and electron transport activity in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). - Phycological Research 57: 1-11.

Kamiyama T. & T. Suzuki (2009) 16. Production of dinophysistoxin-1 and pectenotoxin-2 by a culture of Dinophysis acuminata (Dinophyceae). - Harmful Algae 8(2): 312-317.

Kamptner E. (1927) Beitrag zur Kenntnis adriatischer Coccolithophoriden. – Archiv für Protistenkunde 58: 173-184.
Kamptner E. (1941) Die Coccolithineen der Südwestküste Istriens. – Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 51: 54-149, Pl. 1-15. 
Kamptner E. (1956) Thoracosphaera Delflandrei nov. spec., ein bemerkenswertes Kalkflagellaten Gehäuse aus dem Eocän von Donzaqc (Dept. Landes, Frankreich.) – Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 103: 448-456.
Kamptner E. (1958) Betrachtungen zur Systematik der Kalkflagellaten nebst einem Versuch einer neuen Gruppierung der Chrysomonadales. – Archiv für Protistenkunde 103(1/2): 54-116.
Kamptner E. (1963) Coccolithineen-Skelettreste aus Tiefseeablagerungen des Pazifischen Ozeans. - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 66: 139-204.   
Kamptner E. (1967) Kalkflagellaten-Skelettreste aus Tiefseeschlamm des Südatlantischen Ozeans. - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 71: 117-198.

Kamykowski D., R.E. Reed & G.J. Kirkpatrick (1992) Comparision of sinking velocity, swimming velocity, rotation and path characteristics among six marine dinoflagellate species. - Marine Biology 113(2): 319-328.

Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup, W. Shin, S.W. Nam, J.Y. Park, M.F. DeSalas, K.W. Kim & J.H. Noh (2010) Description of a new planktonic mixotrophic dinoflagellate Paragymnodinium shiwhaense n. gen., n. sp. from coastal waters off western Korea: morphology, pigments, and ribosomal DNA gene sequence. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 57(2): 121-144.
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup & T.G. Park (2011) Gyrodiniellum shiwaense n. gen., n. sp., a new planktonic heterotrophic dinoflagellate from the coastal waters of western Korea: morphology and ribosomal DNA gene sequenc. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 58(4): 284-309.
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Y.D. Yoo, E.Y. Joon K.H. Lee, K. Lee & G. Kim (2011) Mixotrophy in the newly described phototrophic dinoflagellate Woloszynskia cincta from Western Korean waters: feeding mechanism, prey species and effect of prey concentration. - The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 58(2): 152-170.
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup, S.Y. Lee, A.S. Lim, T.J. Jang, K.H. Lee, M.J. Lee, S.H. Jang, E. Potvin, S.K. Lee & J.H. Noh (2014) Gymnodinium smaydae n. sp., a new planktonic phototrophic dinoflagellate from the coastal waters of western Korea: morphology and molecular characterization. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61: 182-203. 
Kang N.S., H.J. Jeong, Ø. Moestrup, T.J. Jang, S.Y. Lee & M.J. Lee (2015) Aduncodinium gen. nov. and A. glandula comb. nov. (Dinophyceae, Pfiesteriaceae), from coastal waters off Korea: morphology and molecular characterization. - Harmful Algae 41: 25-37.
Kang S.-H., J.-S. Kang, S.-R. Lee, K.H. Chung, D. Kim & M.G. Park (2001) Antarctic phytoplankton assemblages in the marginal ice zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea. – Journal of Plankton Research 23: 333-352.

 

Kaniewska P. & E.M. Sampayo (2022) Macro- and micro-scale adaptations allow distinct Stylophora pistillata-Symbiodiniaceae holobionts to optimize performance across a broad light habitat. - Journal of Phycology 58(1): 55-70.

Karafas S., R. York & C. Tomas (2015) Morphological and genetic analysis of the Coolia monotis species complex with the introduction of two new species, Coolia santacroce sp. nov. and Coolia palmyrensis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). - Harmful Algae 46: 18-33. 

Karafas S., S.T. Teng, C.P. Leaw & C. Alves-de-Souza (2018) An evaluation of the genus Amphidinium (Dinophyceae) combining evidence from morphology, phylogenetics, and toxin production, with the introduction of six novel species. - Harmful Algae 68: 128-151.

Karsten G. (1905) Das Phytoplankton des Antarktischen Meeres nach dem Material der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. – Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer VALDIVIA 1898-1899 im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innneren herausgegeben von Carl Chun 2(2) Lieferung 1: 1-136, pls. 1-19.
Karsten G. (1906) Das Phytoplankton des Atlantischen Oceans nach dem Material der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. – Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer VALDIVIA 1898-1899 im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innneren herausgegeben von Carl Chun 2(2) Lieferung 2: 139-219, pls 20-34.

Karwath B. (2000) Ecological studies on living and fossil calcareous dinoflagellates of the equatorial and tropical Atlantic Ocean. - Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen 152: 1-175.

Käsler R. (1938) Die Verbreitung der Dinophysiales im Südatlantischen Ozean. – Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Forschungs- und Vermessungsschiff <<METEOR>> 1925-1927, 12, 2, (3): 165-237.

Kassim T.I. & H. A. Al-Saadi (1995) Seasonal variation of epiphytic algae in a salt marsh area (southern Iraq). - Acta Hydrbiologica 37(3): 153-161.

Kaufmann M.J., F. Santos & M. Maranhao (2015) Checklist of nanno- and microphytoplankton off Madeira Island (North Atlantic) with some historical notes. - Nova Hedwigia 101(1-2): 205-232. 

Kawabata Z. & Y. Hirano (1995) Growth pattern and cellular nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the dinoflagellate Peridinium penardii (Lemm.) Lemm. causing a freshwater red tide in a reservoir. - Hydrobiologia 312: 115-120.

Kawami H., M. Iwataki & K. Matsuoka (2006) A new diplopsalid species Oblea acanthocysta sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae). – Plankton & Benthos Research 1(4): 183-190.
Kawami H., R. van Wezel, R.P.T. Koeman & K. Matsuoka (2009) Protoperidinium tricingulatum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new motile form of a round, brown, and spiny dinoflagellate cyst. - Phycological Research 57: 259-267.

Kebede E. & A. Belay (1994) Species composition and phytoplankton biomass in a tropical African lake (Lake Awassa, Ethiopia). - Hydrobiologia 288: 13-32.

Kelly I. & L.A. Pfiester (1989) Vegetative reproduction of the freshwater dinoflagellate Gloeodinium montanum. – Journal of Phycology 25(2): 241-247.
Kelly I. & L.A. Pfiester (1990) Sexual reproduction in the freshwater dinoflagellate Gloeodinium montanum. – Journal of Phycology 26(1) : 167-173.

Kempton J.W., J. Wolny, T. Tengs, P. Rizzo, R. Morris, J. Tunnell, P. Scott, K. Steidinger, S.N. Hymel & A.J. Lewitus (2002) Kryptoperidinium foliaceum blooms in South Carolina: a multi-analytical approach to identification. - Harmful Algae 1: 383–392.

Kennaway G.M. & J.M. Lewis (2004) An ultrastructural study of hypnozygotes of Alexandrium species (Dinophyceae). – Phycologia 43(4): 353-352.

Kent W.S. (1881) A manual of the Infusoria: including a description of all known flagellate, ciliate, and tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and foreign, and an account of the organization and affinities of the sponges. London: David Bogue. 913 pp. + 51 pls.

Kesseler W. (1966)  Beitrag zur Kenntnis der chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften des Zellsaftes von Noctiluca miliaris. – Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, Suppl. II: 357-368.

Keupp H. (1978) Calcisphaeren des Untertithon der südlichen Frankenalb und die systematische Stellung von Pithonella Lorenz 1901. -  Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatsheft 1978(2): 87-98.
Keupp H. (1979a) Alasphaera caudata n.g.n.sp., eine neue Calciodinelloidee aus der Unterkreide (Hauterivium) Nordwestdeutschlands. - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatsheft 1979(5): 284-290.
Keupp H. (1979b) Die Blätterton-Facies der nordwestdeutschen Unterkreide – Teil 1. Calciodinelloidea aus dem Blätterton-Fazies des nordwestdeutschen Unter-Barremium. – Berichte der Naturhist. Gesellschaft Hannover 122: 7-69.
Keupp H. (1979c) Lower cretaceous calcisphaerulidae and their relationship to calcareous dinoflagellate cysts. - Bulletin du Centre de Recherches Exploration Elf-Aquitaine 3(2): 651-663.
Keupp H. (1980a) Calcigonellum Deflandre, 1948 und Echinodinella n.gen. (Kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten) aus der norddeutschen Unter-Kreide. – Facies 2: 123-148, pls. 14-17.
Keupp H. (1980b) Pithonella patriciacreeleyae BOLLI 1974, eine kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zyste mit interner Paratabulation (Unter-Kreide, Speeton/SE-England). - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und  Palaeontologie, Monatshefte 9: 513–524.
Keupp H. (1980c) Pithonella paratabulata n. sp., eine unterkretazische Calcisphaere mit äußerer Paratabulation. – Facies 3: 239-249.
Keupp H. (1981) Die kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten der borealen Unter-Kreide (Unter-Hauterivium bis Unter-Albium). – Facies 5: 1-190, pls. 1-53.
Keupp H. (1984) Revision der kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten G. Deflandres, 1948. – Paläontologische Zeitschrift 58(1/2): 9-31.
Keupp H. (1991a) Kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten aus dem Eibrunner Mergel (Cenoman-Turon-Grenzbereich) bei Bad Abbach/Süddeutschland. - Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A, 134: 127-145.
Keupp H. (1991b) “Palinosphaera”: Irrwege eines mikropaläontologischen Taxons. - Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A, 134: 147-159.
Keupp H. (1992) Calcareous dinoflagellate cysts from the Lower Cretaceous of Hole 761C, Wombat Plateau, Eastern Indian Ocean. – In U. Rad et al. (Eds), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 122: 497-509.
Keupp H. & R. Kohring (1993) Kalkige Dinoflagellatenzysten aus dem Obermiozän von El Mehdi (Algerien). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E, 9: 25-43.
Keupp H., B. Monnet & R. Kohring (1991) Morphotaxa bei kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten und ihre problematische Systematisierung. – Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Reihe A 134: 161-185.
Keupp H. & J. Mutterlose (1984) Organismenverteilung in den D-Beds von Speeton (Unterkreide, England) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten. – Facies 10: 153-178 incl. pls. 20-23.
Keupp H. & G. Versteegh (1989) Ein neues systematisches Konzept für kalkige Dinoflagellaten-Zysten der Subfamilie Orthopithonelloideae Keupp 1987. - Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen A 106: 207-219.

Ki J.-S. (2010) Nuclear 28S rDNA phylogeny supports the basal placement of Noctiluca scintillans (Dinophyceae; Noctilucales) in dinoflagellates. - European Journal of Protistology 46(2): 111-120. 
Ki J.-S., M.-H. Park & M.-S. Han (2011) Discriminative power of nuclear rDNA sequences for the DNA taxonomy of the dinoflagellate genus Peridinium (Dinophyceae). - Journal of Phycology 47(2): 426-435.

Kideyş A.E., M. Ünsal & F. Bingel (1989) Seasonal changes in net phytoplankton off Erdemli, Northeastern Mediterranean. – Doğ, Turk. J. Botany 13: 45-54.

Kim C.H., H.J. Cho, J.B. Shin, C.H. Moon & K. Matsuoka (2002) Regeneration from hyaline cysts of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a red tide organism along the Korean coast. – Phycologia 41: 667-669.
Kim C.-H., Y. Sako & Y. Ichida (1993) Comparision of toxic composition between populations of Alexandrium spp. From geographically distant areas. – Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59: 641-646.
Kim C.-J., C.-H. Kim & Y. Sako (2005) Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin analysis of the genus Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) occuring in Korean coastal waters. Fisheries Sci. 71: 1-11.
Kim H.S. & J. Chung (1993) Freshwater Algal flora of natural Swamps in Changnyong County. - Korean Journal of Limnology 26(4): 305-319.
Kim H.S. & J. Chung (1994) Fresh-water algae new to Korea (IV). - The Korean Journal of  Phycology 9(1): 1-6.
Kim H.S., W. Yih, J.H. Kim, G. Myung & H.J. Jeong (2011) Abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates from coastal waters off Jeju Island, Korea during autumn 2009. - Ocean Science Journal 46(3): 205-209.

Kim J.H., H.J. Jeong, A.S. Lim, J.R. Rho & S.B. Lee (2016) Killing potential protist predators as a survival strategy of the newly described dinoflagellate Alexandrium pohangense. - Harmful Algae 55: 41-55.
Kim K.-Y., D.J. Garbary & J.L. McLachlan (2004) Phytoplankton dynamics in Pomquet Harbour, Nova Scotia: a lagoon in southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. – Phycologia 43(3): 311-328.
Kim K.-Y., M. Iwataki & C.-H. Kim (2008) Molecular phylogenetic affiliations of Dissodinium pseudolunula, Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, Polykrikos cf. schwartzii and Polykrikos kofoidii to Gymnodinium sensu stricto species (Dinophyceae). - Phycological Research 56(2): 89-92.
Kim K.-Y., M. Yoshida & C.-H. Kim (2005) Molecular phylogeny of three hitherto unreported Alexandrium species: Alexandrium hiranoi, Alexandrium leei and Alexandrium satoanum (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae): inferred from the 18S and 26S rDNA sequence data. – Phycologia 44(4): 361-360.
Kim K.-Y., M. Yoshida & C.-H. Kim (2005) Morphological variation of Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) in culture specimens and reinterpretation of the thecal formula. - Algae 20(4): 299-304.

Kim M., S.W. Nam, W. Shin, D.W. Coats & M.G. Park (2012) Dinophysis caudata (Dinophyceae) sequesters and retains plastids from the mixotrophic ciliate prey Mesodinium rubrum. - Journal of Phycology 48(3): 569-579.
Kim M., K.Y. Kim, S.W. Nam, W. Shin, W. Yih & M.G. Park (2014) The effect of starvation on plastid number and photosynthetic performance in the kleptoplastidic dinoflagellate Amylax triacantha. - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61: 354-363.
Kim S. & M.G. Park (2014) Amoebophrya spp. from the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides: parasites not nested in the "Amoebophrya ceratii complex". - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 61: 173-181.
Kim S., J. Yoon & M.G. Park (2015) Obligate mixotrophy of the pigmented dinoflagellate Polykrikos lebourae (Dinophyceae, Dinoflagellata). - Algae 30(1): 35-47.
Kim S., M.G. Park, W. Yih & D.W. Coats (2004) Infection of the bloom-forming, thecate dinoflagellates Alexandrium affine and Gonyaulax spinifera by two strains of Amoebophrya (Dinophyta). – Journal of Phycology 40(5): 815-822.
Kim S., T.R. Bachvaroff, S.M. Handy & C.F. Delwiche (2011) Dynamics of actin evolution in dinoflagellates. - Molecular Biology and Evolution 28(4): 1469-1480.
Kim S. & M.G. Park (2018) Feeding characteristics and molecular phylogeny of the thecate mixotrophic dinoflagellate Fragilidium mexicanum. - Harmful Algae 63: 154-163.

Kim S.J., H.J. Jeong, H.C. Kang, J.H. You & J.H. Ok (2019) Differential feeding by common heterotrophic protists on four Scrippsiella species of similar size. - Journal of Phycology 55(4): 868-881.

Kim Y.-O. & M.-S. Han (2000) Seasonal relationship between cyst germination and vegetative populations of Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae). - Marine Ecology Progress Series 204: 111-118.

Kimball J.F. & E.J.F. Wood (1965) A dinoflagellate with characters of Gymnodinium and Gyrodinium. – Journal of Protozoology 12: 577-580.

Kimmerer W.J. & A.D. McKinnon (1990) High mortality in a copepod population caused by a parasitic dinoflagellate. - Marine Biology 107: 449-452.

Kimor B., N. Gordon & A. Neori (1992) Symbiotic associations among the microplankton in oligotrophic marine environments, with special reference to the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. – Journal of Plankton Research 14: 1217-1231.
Kimor B. & B. Wood (1975) A plankton study in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. – Marine Biology 29: 321-333.

Kimura M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. - Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111–120. 

Kienel U. (1994) Die Entwicklung der kalkigen Nannofossilien und der kalkigen Dinoflagellaten-Zysten an der Kreide/Tertiär-Grenze in Westbrandenburg im Vergleich mit Profilen in Nordjütland und Seeland (Dänemark) – Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E/12: 1-87.

Kiørboe T. (1993) Turbulence, phytoplankton cell-size, and the structure of pelagic food webs. – Adv. Mar. Biol. 29: 41-50.
Kiørboe T. & J. Titelman (1998) Feeding, prey selection and prey encounter mechanisms in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans. - Journal of Plankton Research 20(7): 1015-136.

Kirchhoff B. & B. Meyer (1995) A new phagotrophic species of Katodinium (Dinophyceae) from hypertrophic shallow lakes in North Germany. - Nova Hedwigia 60: 179-185.

Kirchner M., Sahling, G., Schütt, C., Döpke, H. & Uhlig, G. (1999) Intracellular bacteria in the red tide-forming heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans. - Archiv für  Hydrobiolgie, Special Issues  Advances in Limnology 54: 297-310.
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Kita T. & Y. Fukuyo (1988) Description of the gonyaulacoid dinoflagellate Alexandrium hiranoi sp. nov. inhabiting tidepools on Japanese Pacific coast. – Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 35(1): 1-7.
Kita T., Y. Fukuyo, H. Tokuda & R. Hirano (1985) Life Cycle, and ecology of Goniodoma pseudogonyaulax (Pyrrhphyta) in a rockpool. – Bulletin marine Science 37: 643-651.
Kita T., Y. Fukuyo, H. Tokuda & R. Hirano (1993) Sexual reproduction of Alexandrium hiranoi (Dinophyceae). - Bull. Plankt. Soc. Jap. 39: 79-85.

Kite G.C. & J.D. Dodge (1988) Cell and chloroplast ultrastructure in Gyrodinium aureolum and Gymnodinium galatheanum. Two marine dinoflagellates containing unusual carotenoid. – Sarsia 73: 131-138.

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Knechtel J., J. Kretschmann, J. Chacón & M. Gottschling (2020) Dinastridium verrucosum Baumeister from Bavaria (Germany) is a borghiellacean dinophyte (Suessiales). - Protist 171(4): 125741.

Kobayashi S., N. Kojima, S. Itakura, I. Imai & K. Matsuoka (2001) Cyst morphology of a chain-forming unarmored dinoflagellate Gyrodinium impudicum Fraga & Bravo. - Phycological Research 49(1): 61-65.
Kobayashi S. & K. Matsuoka (1984) Cyst and theca forms of Protoperidinium conicum (Gran) Balech (Dinophyceae). – Japanese Journal of Phycology 32: 251-256.
Kobayashi S. & K. Matsuoka (1995) A new species of Ensiculifera, E. imariense (Dinophyceae), producing organic-walled cysts. - Journal of Phycology 31(1): 147-152.
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Kobiyama A., N. Yoshida, S. Suzuki, K. Koike & T. Ogata (2005) Differences in the expression patterns of photosynthetic genes in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. – European Journal of Protistology 41(4): 277-285.

Kocot K.M. & S.R. Santos (2009) 8. Secondary structural modeling of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) from Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae). - Harmful Algae 8(3): 441-446. 
 
Kodrans-Nsiah M., G.J. de Lange & K.A.F. Zonnefeld (2008) A natural exposure experiment on short-term species-selective aerobic degradation of dinoflagellate cysts. - Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 152: 32-39.

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Kofoid C.A. (1907a) Dinoflagellates of the San Diego Region. III. Description of new species. – University of California Publications in Zoology 3: 299-340.
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